The hydrogen bonding of nucleotides into a new DNA molecule is facilitated by enzymes. Hydrogen bonding is the electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules in which hydrogen is bound to a larger atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. The nucleotides in a base pair are complementary which means their shape allows them to bond together with hydrogen bonds. The A-T pairs forms two hydrogen bonds while the C-G pair forms three. The enzymes called DNA polymerases join the nucleotides by way of phosphodiester bonds.
Natural selection ensures that animals with features that increase their chances of survival are more likely to live and pass those traits on to their progeny.
Animals adapt to their surroundings over a lengthy period of time, which causes those changes. The evolution of adaptations happens across many generations.
<h3>What is an adaptation?</h3>
- A physical or behavioral characteristic of an animal that enhances its ability to survive in its environment is known as an adaptation.
- To put it another way, an adaptation is something a species does or has on them that makes it easier for them to locate food, water, mates, and shelter.
- Among the adaptations that helped animals live and prosper on land are:
- Gas exchange using a moist membrane
- The ability to traverse land (limbs instead of fins)
- The capability of body water conservation
- The capability of reproduction and early habitability
- The capacity to endure fast environmental changes
<h3>What are the types of adaptation?</h3>
Depending on the environment, there are three basic types of adaptations: behavioral, structural, and physiological.
- Physiological- When an animal's body's internal mechanisms adapt to its surroundings.
- Structural - Over the course of millions of years of evolution, the animal's bodily features alter.
- Behavioral - Animals adjust their behavior in reaction to their environment.
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