Historical context is an important part of life and literature and without it, memories, stories and characters have less meaning. ... In more technical terms, historical contextrefers to the social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during a certain time and place. I really hope I have answered your question.
In the Gibbon Passage, the natural disaster that struck the Roman Empire in 366 CE was a violent and destructive earthquake, followed by a huge tsunami which killed many people.