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3 years ago

ARTICLE ABOUT CHARACTERISTICS of Gaseous EXCHANGE

Biology

1 answer:

Angelina_Jolie [31]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.

Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things, so an efficient system for gas exchange between, ultimately, the interior of the cell(s) and the external environment is required. Small, particularly unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, have a high surface-area to volume ratio. In these creatures the gas exchange membrane is typically the cell membrane. Some small multicellular organisms, such as flatworms, are also able to perform sufficient gas exchange across the skin or cuticle that surrounds their bodies. However, in most larger organisms, which have a small surface-area to volume ratios, specialised structures with convoluted surfaces such as gills, pulmonary alveoli and spongy mesophyll provide the large area needed for effective gas exchange. These convoluted surfaces may sometimes be internalised into the body of the organism. This is the case with the alveoli, which form the inner surface of the mammalian lung, the spongy mesophyll, which is found inside the leaves of some kinds of plant, or the gills of those molluscs that have them, which are found in the mantle cavity.

Explanation:

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Some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. This is called _____, and the coils or folds are held in plac

zalisa [80]

Answer:

The options are

A. secondary structure ... hydrogen bonds

B. secondary structure ... peptide bonds

C. tertiary structure ... hydrogen bonds

D. primary structure ... covalent bonds

E. tertiary structure ... covalent bonds

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A.

A. secondary structure ... hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

The secondary structure of a polypeptide shows the localized regions of its organised structure being upheld by hydrogen bonds among the major groups

-NH and C = O

At the same time, it inhibits the hydrogen bonds of the side chains from influencing the reaction process.

The polypeptide secondary structure shows the dexterity to curl or fold as sustained by the polypeptide chains.

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4 years ago

8. Two rabbits are bred together. One is heterozygous for agouti coat

dusya [7]

Answer:

- Parental cross = Cch x chch

- F1 = 1/2 Cch (agouti coat); 1/2 chch (albino coat) >> 1:1 phenotypic ratio

Punnett square:

ch ch

C Cch Cch

ch chch chch

Explanation:

A heterozygous individual is an individual who has two different gene variants (i.e., alleles) at a particular locus. In this case, individuals having the "agouti coat" trait are heterozygous carrying both 'C' and 'ch' alleles. On the other hand, a homo-zygous individual has the same allele at a given locus (here, the 'chch' genotype associated with the albino phenotype). Therefore, as observed in the Punnett Square above, when a heterozygous parent is crossed with a homo-zygous recessive parent for a single gene, alleles segregate in the gametes of both parents so an expected 1:1 phenotypic ratio will be observed.

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Explain Mendel's law of independent assortment and how the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio among the F2 of a dihybrid cross provides ev

GrogVix [38]

Answer:

Explanation:

Mendel's law of independent assortment state that two different genes assort independently in gamete formation.

To reach this conclusion, one has to do a dihybrid cross. This means that two genes responsible for different traits need to be analyzed at the same time.

1) Starting with a parental generation of a cross between two pure lines (homozygous for both genes) with different traits, a plant with yellow and round seeds (YYRR) and another with green and wrinkled seeds (yyrr). The F1 will be phenotypically homogeneous (yellow and round), and genotypically heterozygous (YyRr).

2) If the individuals from the F1 are crossed with one another, we have to do a Punnett Square to determine the phenotypic ratio of the F2.

If the genes assort independently, the F1 individuals will produce their different gametes with the same probability. Each possible gamete will appear in a 1/4 proportion: YR, Yr, yR, yr.
The 9:3:3:1 ratio is a result of analyzing the possible phenotypes that result from the dihybrid cross.

See the attached image for an illustration of the crosses in each generation and the Punnett Square.

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