Hello. Unfortunately, you did not enter the article this question refers to, which makes it impossible for you to answer it. However, I will try to help you as best I can.
To answer this question, you need to read the entire article. After reading this, you should assess what factors, elements, events, or situations the article presents that could have a major impact on Norman Bowker's PTSD. This impact has to be able to bring about large and positive results that cause differences in PTSD.
No.
if the sentence was the other way around, you would need a comma. ie: Because she studied really hard, Shauna got an A in her chemistry test.
I believe it means some things you set out to do become harder and Difficult to get out of, But you should think of the best option to do and make the best out of a bad situation.
Answer :That he is intelligent and well educated (apex)