The Big Four or The Four Nations refer to the four top Allied powers and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. The Big Four is also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France.
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They were important because they were not controlled by the government or the church. Therefore they were free to explore in scientific experiments as much as they wanted without these controls.