The colonists had problems with taxation without representation is because they had no say in the matter. They would pay the taxes but Europe made the decisions with the money. Not any of the colonists could make the Decision of we need new roads, schools, etc.
The U.S. entered World War I because Germany embarked on a deadly gamble. Germany sank many American merchant ships around the British Isles which prompted the American entry into the war.
There were many ideas that Rousseau and Voltaire gave the french people, but perhaps the most important was the idea of liberty and freedom from tyranny.