Focusing on the inner workings of the First Crusade in a way that no other work has done, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading delves into the Crusade's organization, its finances, and the division of authority and responsibility among its leaders and their relationships with one another and with their subordinates.
In the year 1095, Pope Urban II initiated what is known today as the First Crusade. His summons of the lay knights to the faith between 1095 and 1096 was Urban II's personal response to an appeal that had reached him from eastern Christians, the Pope referred to the struggle ahead as Christ's own war, to be fought in accordance with God's will and intentions. It was, too, called a war of liberation, designed to free the church and city of Jerusalem from oppression and pillage by the Muslims while liberating western Church from the errors into which it had fallen.
In this classic work, presented here with a new introduction, one of the world's most renowned crusade historians approaches this central topic of medieval history with freshness and impeccable research. Through the vivid presentation of a wide range of European chronicles and charter collections, Jonathan Riley-Smith provides a striking illumination of crusader motives and responses and a thoughtful analysis of the mechanisms that made this expedition successful.
Answer:
Greek city-states likely developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region.
Explanation:
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The answer is the last one, D. In retaliation to the creation of the Continental Army, Great Britain prohibited all trade with the colonies.
Answer:
The correct answer is A. The fact that communism was spreading and threatening government stability began to shape the debate over foreign policy in the 1960s. This situation led to the development of the domino theory and the adoption of the Johnson Doctrine as the main foreign policy rule in the United States.
The doctrine meant that the United States of America appropriated the right to carry out armed intervention in the internal affairs of the states of the Western Hemisphere (and subsequently of any countries in the Asia-Pacific region) to protect the interests of its citizens. The doctrine was aimed at preventing the coming to power of communist or socialist parties (even if their coming was done in a democratic way and with the support of the majority of the population of a sovereign country).
