After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the U.S. government responded with immediate action (including rescue operations at the site of the World Trade center and grounding civilian aircraft), and long-term action, including investigations, legislative changes, military action and restoration projects. Investigations into the motivations and execution of the attacks led to the declaration of War of Terrorism that led to ongoing military engagements in Afghanistan and subsequently iraq. Clean-up and restorations efforts led to the rebuilding of Lower Manhattan, and federal grants supported the development of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.
