All the options are incorrect. The correct answer will be THE NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS MOVING DOWN THE PROTEIN CHANNEL.
A proton pump is found in the inner membrane of mitochondria which is also known as hydrogen ion pump. The hydrogen ion is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane depending on the proton gradient.
Answer
Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion
Explanation
Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane
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It is also possible to move substances across membranes against their concentration gradient (from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration). ... If the energy of ATP is directly used to pump molecules against their concentration gradient, the transport is called primary active transport.
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When energy passes from one trophic level to the next, I would guess that the two factors which decrease the total amount of energy from being passed up are:
1. An organism does not assimilate all the energy of food consumed. Within a consumer, digestion and assimilation of energy is not 100% efficient: some of the energy is lost.
2. A large proportion of energy assimilated by a producer and consumer is lost through respiration, i.e., day-to-day maintenance of metabolic processes.
Humans get D vitamin from sunlight. the plants perform photosynthesis and grow , we eat those fruits and vegetables grown in the plants. so indirectly we humans and other animals are benifitted from sun sunlight . flesh eating animals eat herbivores animala so they are also benifitted
