Noun ,pronoun,gerund or clause the "object" of the preposition.
Shells evolved from ribs. ... Turtles and other shelled creatures use shells like shields to protect themselves from predators, or animals that hunt them. Turtles probably needed a shield on their backs and stomachs because they faced predators in the ocean from both above and below.
Themselves
This reflexive pronoun is the best fit because it needs to agree with the antecedent--in this case "scholars". Because scholars is plural, the pronoun also needs to be plural. Themselves is a plural reflexive pronoun, so it will properly complete the sentence.
Probably B because if you use abbreviations you can type quicker but idk
