Lack of educational opportunities; low education can cause high birth rates (people doesn’t do contraception etc.) and that can occur food or resource shortage which gonna directly connects to the poverty in low income nations.
I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is the last option. The factor that would cause poverty in low-income nations would be lack of educational opportunities. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day. Feel free to ask more questions.
I would asssume less because developed nation are nations with higher economy and need for resources while developing ones are starting to use more resources to boost their economy.