- The subnet mask would be a 32-bit integer which is formed by assigning the host bits to all 0's and the networking bits to so many 1's.
- In this method, the subnetting separates the IP address between host and network addresses.
- The subnet mask covers an IP address with its 32-bit number, thus the term "mask".
Given:
Network IP address
Subnet numbers
Calculating the borrow bits:

a)
Calculating the dotted decimal value for the subnet mask:

b)
The additional bits which will be needed to mask the subnet mask that is = 4.
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Answer:
Code is provided in the attachment form
Explanation:
Vector Multiplication code:
Vector_multiplication.c file contains C code.
See attachment no 1 attached below
Classification of Algorithm: For creating elements in vector c of size n, number of scalar multiplications is equal to n. The size of original two vectors scales directly with the number of operations. Hence, it is classified as O(n).
23 bits would leave room for 512 node numbers.
Answer:
1 14 3
Explanation:
If that code fragment is put under a main() function and then it will yield the above output. According to the function something(), only changes in value second parameter will be reflected and first will be unchanged because second is passed by reference and the first one is passed as value so only address of 's' is passed, so, only its value is changed and the rest are same.