Answer:
WHAT IS IMPORTANT FUNCTIONALLY ABOUT THE SPECIALIZED EPITHELIUM
(TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM)
IN THE BLADDER? THEY HAVE ABILITY TO SLIDE OVER ONE ANOTHER, THUS DECREASING THE THICKNESS OF THE MUCOSAL LAYER AS THE BLADDER FILLS & STRETCHES TO ACCOMMODATE THE INCREASED URINE VOLUME.
Answer:
<h3>In mammals, <u>air is warmed and humidified in the nasal cavity.</u> Air then travels down the pharynx, through the trachea, and into the lungs. In the lungs, air passes through the branching bronchi, reaching the respiratory bronchioles, which house the first site of gas exchange.</h3>
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The immune system protects the body from possibly harmful substances by recognizing and responding to antigens. Antigens are substances (usually proteins) on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria. Nonliving substances such as toxins, chemicals, drugs, and foreign particles (such as a splinter) can also be antigens. The immune system recognizes and destroys, or tries to destroy, substances that contain antigens. Your body's cells have proteins that are antigens. These include a group of antigens called HLA antigens. Your immune system learns to see these antigens as normal and usually does not react against them.
Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the defense system with which you were born. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response. Examples of innate immunity include:
Cough reflex
Enzymes in tears and skin oils
Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles
Skin
Stomach acid
Innate immunity also comes in a protein chemical form, called innate humoral immunity. Examples include the body's complement system and substances called interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever). If an antigen gets past these barriers, it is attacked and destroyed by other parts of the immune system. Acquired immunity is immunity that develops with exposure to various antigens. Your immune system builds a defense against that specific antigen. Passive immunity is due to antibodies that are produced in a body other than your own. Infants have passive immunity because they are born with antibodies that are transferred through the placenta from their mother. These antibodies disappear between ages 6 and 12 months. Passive immunization may also be due to injection of antiserum, which contains antibodies that are formed by another person or animal. It provides immediate protection against an antigen, but does not provide long-lasting protection. Immune serum globulin (given for hepatitis exposure) and tetanus antitoxin are examples of passive immunization.
Antigens are substances (usually proteins) on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria. ... Your immune system learns to see these antigens as normal and usually does not react against them. INNATE IMMUNITY. Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the defense system with which you were born
<span>Organisms that have ventilation systems will draw in air (or
water) that is rich in oxygen and will draw out air that has carbon dioxide. This
is essential for a multicellular organism to thrive because carbon dioxide is
harmful for an organism since carbon dioxide (CO2) is a waste product. Such is
the system that contain veins, capillaries and arteries. On the other hand, organisms
that don’t have ventilation system, can survive without it because they are
single-celled and the path for the nutrients and needed oxygen is so short that
they can efficiently exchange gases at the surface.</span>
Explanation:
Ivory Coast is famous for chocolate .
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