Toxicants. Antidotes. Effects
*Lead. *Dimercaprol,BAL
*Iron. *Desferrioxamine
*Magnesium. *Calcium
*Warfarin. *Vitamin K
*Methanol. *Ethyl alcohol,Fomepizole
*Digoxin. *Fab
*Isoniazid. *Pyridoxine. *causes seizures in overdose
*Valporate. *Carnitine *hastens the resolution to coma
*Beta blockers. *Glucagon,high dose,insulin
*Benzodiazepines. *Flumazenil
Answer:
Amy E French, MD MSc
Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Susanne M Benseler, MD FRCPC
Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Catherine S Birken, MD MSc FRCPC
Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Answer:
The most common area of the brain that might have been affected by a stroke, when there is impairment in language comprehension, be it written, or oral, would be Wernicke´s area, on the temporal lobe, surrounding the auditory cortex.
Explanation:
Wernicke´s area, like Broca´s area, is a part of the brain that has been generally linked to speech comprehension and speech production. Fed by branches of the middle cerebral artery, this area, just like Broca´s, can be severelly affected when there is a stroke in the branches of the artery. In speech comprehension, Wernicke´s area is directly related to speech comprehension and it is known that a person who is unable to understand words, wether they are written or spoken to them, suffer from Wernicke´s aphasia. There are two types of aphasias in this area, fluent, and non-fluent.
Answer:
The chyme, which is already a fecal bolus formed produces an involuntary stimulus reaching the colon that cause the defecation; The first step is the relaxation of the internal sphincter through the sacral nerve (involuntary), and then voluntarily the cerebral cortex through the pudendal nerves that relax the external sphincter.
For adults, the most common treatment for bacterial pneumonia is macrolides antibiotics. For example azithromycin or erythromycin. For children however, amoxicillin would be used.