Answer:
The genetic modification variations result in the change in the genome of the organism. In this case, the variations result in expression of a trait in different form than usual. These variations results in genetic mutation, which can be inherited from one generation to another.
In sexual reproduction, the genome of the organism is not altered. In this only an exchange between the maternal and the maternal alleles takes place, these changes does not result in mutations.
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Gel electrophoresis is the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field. Results of this technique can be interpreted to find out if someone carries a certain gene or not.
Concentration gradient across the membrane. Proteins in the membrane allow specific molecules through, passively.
Can't see the structures so we can't answer your question
