After the fracture of the Roman Empire in 285 CE, this civilization was divided into two territories: The Western Roman Empire based in Milan and The Eastern Roman Empire based in Nicomedia. However, due to the fall of the Western Empire in 324, the Eastern part decided to shift its capital to Constantinople, which is nowadays known as Istanbul. This was home to the Roman emperor until the fall of the city at the hand's of the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
The main reason why Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to the united states was to observe American democracy in action, and to take note of what worked and what didn't, as many European countries were going through democratic revolutions of their own.
So, the third one.
Something that has to do with settlement
From a population of 500 in 1896, the town grew to house approximately 30,000 people by summer 1898. Built of wood, isolated, and unsanitary, Dawson suffered from fires, high prices, and epidemics. Despite this, the wealthiest prospectors spent extravagantly, gambling and drinking in the saloons.