Answer
1. By the Dutch
For the other use the text
It says it on the top
Answer:
In the 7th century, a change occurred in the deserts of Arabia that would end up changing the face of the world. From the deserts of Arabia, the Arabs would emerge and challenge perhaps the two greatest empires of their time. They would defeat these great empires in battle after battle. Nothing would be able to stop them. They would face their enemies outnumbered and outmatched, with a new faith within their hearts, and emerge victorious. From the victories would rise Arab empires that have since been unmatched, the Ummayads and Abbasids.
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One sec i have to look back in my notes give me two min
It split the Empire into two separate halves>