Answer:Beccaria's summary statement on crimes and punishments is that 'In order that any punishment should not be an act of violence committed by one person or many against a private citizen, it is essential that it should be public, prompt, necessary, the minimum possible under the given circumstances
Explanation:
A. Bill of Rights
We have none of the other answers, B, C, and D. Those are specially for other systems of government.
In any energy pyramid, only 10% of the available energy is passed from one level to the next.
Hope this helps :D
The loss of New Orleans affected the Confederacy because they were no longer able to use the Mississippi River to import and export supplies.