The is should be C, Im not 100% sure though...
The answer to your question is D) punctuated equilibrium.
The theory of Punctuated Equilibrium states that extremes in the environment cause sudden evolution; a long period of time precedes the sudden evolutionary changes.
Viruses are actually smaller than bacteria but they're not bacteria. So D is wrong.
Viruses don't grow and aren't made of cells, and despite being able to reproduce, they're not living. So C is correct.
As for the other two, I'm not entirely sure what they mean but C is the answer.
Answer:
divergent plate boundaries
Explanation:
Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries. As tectonic plates slowly move away from each other, heat from the mantle's convection currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense.