Answer:
Fungi like protist feed on decaying leaves.
They reproduce by using spores.
They use pseudopods to engulf any foreign material and convert it into food.
Explanation:
Fungi like protist are Majorly molds and they are common seen on decaying organic matter and they normally absorb nutrients while feeding.
They are much similar to fungi and reproduce through spores even as fungi reproduce. They can be found in soils, lawns, trees and they do not have major cell wall divisions.
The use their pseudopods to engulf foreign material and convert it to food which supply them with nutrients.
Examples are slime molds and water molds.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
Know more about <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> here:
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Answer:
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration of water molecules to an area of lower concentration of water molecules concentration until equilibrium is reached
It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.
