It all depends on the definition of the term Modern Era. The word modern comes from Latin word modo, which means right now or just now. It was used for the first time during the Renaissance in Italy to bring attention to the great rediscoveries of sciences, the arts, history and politics of Classical antiquity and the subsequent discoveries and progresses accomplished like the Age of Discovery.
If such definition is used as the basis for this question then the answer is definitely C.The establishment of global empires.
Indeed, since during the previous periods, Empires were limited to their immediate geographic areas. There had been some attempts to explore areas that were located much farther like the Vikings and their travels to Greenland and North America.
However, it was the Europeans: and to some lesser extent the Chinese, that actually discovered (in the literal sense of removing the cover) the Americas for the entirety of the world. The discovery paved the way for the emergence of Global Empires that were completely unprecedented in the history of humanity since they spanned several continents. For instance, the Global Spanish Empire Under Philip II of Spain in the 16th Century that spanned the continents of Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia.
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B. Most of the people of the Ottoman Empire were Sunni Muslim. <span>E. The empire was founded by Constantine in the sixth century.
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Christianity. It has become very common in all of Africa, including North.
Early colonists had to look to the east for a number of reasons. The first was economic. Most colonies, Jamestown for example, depended on the mother country, or more accurately on the companies that founded them, for supplies and financial backing. They also had to become financially lucrative for their backers in England to justify their existence. While some were more explicitly motivated by the desire for profit than others, all of the colonies in their early stages were to some extent business ventures.
Another reason was political. The colonies owed their legitimacy (even the Massachusetts Bay Colony, whose founders wisely took their charter with them) to the Crown. All of the colonies replicated, in some form or another, English common law, including the courts, local officials, and representative bodies. Before long, most colonies were governed by royal appointees, sent as the Crown's representative. Even the independent-minded Puritans were English subjects, and they thought of themselves like this.