C. Johannes Gutenberg borrowed money to create the printing press.
The single largest complaint by the colonies against their English rulers involved d) the form of self rule. The colonists were very against the oppression they felt due to the British ruling the colonies (as they ruled virtually all aspects of public and private life). They were also imposed harsh taxation measures and their economy was completely monopolized by the European superpower.
The Greeks were known to doing it, the earliest Greek known to have mad a drawing of the first map was Anaximander.
B. Inherent rights is your answer.
The correct answer is - taxes.
After the civilizations started to establish themselves and prospered, they needed to secure their citizens, and that was only possible if they had a strong military that will keep any intruders out of their territory.
The military is not cheap, and it needs a lot of funds, as it constantly needs food, clothing, armor, weapons, training, and all of that had to be sponsored by the governments/rulers. In order to be able to have strong and happy military forces, the governments started to tax the people, and initially that was only to sustain the military, but over time developed much more and is used for lots of other things nowadays.