Papal authority greatly changed between 1530 and 1535. For example, Henry VIII set measures into place that restricted papal authority in England. Also, church funds from England could no longer be sent to Rome. The major change took place in 1534 when Henry VIII, as a result of the Act of Supremacy, became head of the Church of England.
Ultimately, before the 1530's the church had great, nearly unchecked power. Afterwards, the church had restricted power, and the Church of England was created.
The amendment granted citizenship to "all person born or naturalized in the united states" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the civil war.
So the answer is A
