Question

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5'-CCG-ACG-3' (mRNA). The charged transfer RNA molecules shown in the figure below (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form:
tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid
GGC
Proline
CGU
Alanine
UGC
Threonine
CCG
Glycine
ACG
Cysteine
CGG
Alanine


Which of the following dipeptides will be formed?
Proline-Threonine
Glycine-Cysteine
Alanine-Alanine
Cysteine-Alanine
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.03 MC)

If a tRNA molecule has an anticodon which reads AUGACA, what was the codon of the mRNA molecule?

CGUCAC
TACTGT
TAGTGT
UACUGU
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.03 LC)

A triplet of bases in a template strand of DNA is CAG. What would be the corresponding codon for mRNA?

GTC
GUC
GTU
GUU
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.03 MC)

Use the following table to answer the question:


Codons Found in Messenger RNA
Second Base
First Base U C A G Third Base
U Phe
Phe
Leu
Leu Ser
Ser
Ser
Ser Tyr
Tyr
Stop
Stop Cys
Cys
Stop
Trp U
C
A
G
C Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu Pro
Pro
Pro
Pro His
His
Gln
Gln Arg
Arg
Arg
Arg U
C
A
G
A Ile
Ile
Ile
Met Thr
Thr
Thr
Thr Asn
Asn
Lys
Lys Ser
Ser
Arg
Arg U
C
A
G
G Val
Val
Val
Val Ala
Ala
Ala
Ala Asp
Asp
Glu
Glu Gly
Gly
Gly
Gly U
C
A
G


This table shows the codons found in messenger RNA. Using this information, what sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA could code for the polypeptide sequence Val-His-Thr?
GUA-CAU-ACC
GTA-CAT-ACC
CAT-GTA-TGG
CAU-GUA-UGG
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.03 LC)

Which type of RNA functions to use coded instructions to assemble amino acids?

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Ribosomes
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.03 MC)

How is genetic information of eukaryotic cells transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell?

RNA
Proteins
Lipids
DNA
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FDK21.12

Answer 1

Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation. During transcription, mRNA complements the DNI template strand. During translation, mRNA codons specify the amino acids that must be added to the growing polypeptide by tRNA.  

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Before answering all these questions, let us review some framework.

Nitrogenated bases that conform nucleic acids correspond to purines and pyrimidines.

• Adenine and guanine ⇒ purines,
• Thymine, Uracile, and Citocine ⇒ Pyrimidines.  

⇒ In the DNA molecule, Adenine always forms pairs with Timine , while Guanine forms pairs with Cytosine.

⇒ In RNA molecule, Timine is replaced by Uracil. So Adenine forms pairs with Uracil, and Guanine forms pairs with Cytosine.

• Transcription occurs in the nucleus. The template DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule that grows in direction 5´→ 3´.

• Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where a ribosome reads mRNA in the 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.

Codons are short sequences of three nucleotides that carry the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly.

mRNA has start and end codons. Between them, there are codons that code for the amino acids to be added to the chain. The start is the signal of the synthesis initiation. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, protein synthesis is over.    

There exists a total of 64 codons.

• One of them is the start codon → AUG → Metionine  
• 61 codify amino acids, and
• the remaining three are stopping points  → UAA, UAG, UGA.

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Now, let us answer the questions.

• mRNA ⇒ 5'-CCG-ACG-3'

• tRNA  ⇒ 3'-GGC-UGC-5'  ⇒  tRNA Anticodon
• Protein ⇒  Glycine-Cysteine ⇒ dipeptides

GGC codes for Glycine, while UGC codes for Cysteine

• tRNA   ⇒ AUG ACA ⇒ Anticodons
• mRNA ⇒ UAC  UGU ⇒ Codons

• DNI strand     ⇒ CAG
• mRNA strand ⇒ GUC

• Protein       ⇒   Val  -  His  -  Thr
• DNI Strand ⇒  CAT - GTA - TGG

• tRNA ⇒ RNA that functions to use coded instructions to assemble amino acids

• RNA ⇒ Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm ⇒ After transcription and before translation

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Related link: brainly.com/question/16305465?referrer=searchResults