Answer:
Marbury: Was appointed as a federal judge - Supported the Judiciary Act of 1789 - Argued for original jurisdiction.
-Madison: Refused to honor an appointment.Explanation:
Marbury v. Madison was a judicial case resolved by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1803. It arose as a result of a political dispute following the presidential elections of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson, who was a Democratic Republican, defeated then-President John Adams, who was a federalist. In the last days of the outgoing government of Adams, the Congress, dominated by the federalists, established a series of judicial positions, among them 42 justices the of peace for the District of Columbia. The Senate confirmed the appointments, the president signed them and the Secretary of State was in charge of sealing and delivering the appointment documents. In the last-minute hustle and bustle, the outgoing secretary of state did not deliver the minutes of appointment to four justices of the peace, including William Marbury.
The new secretary of state under President Jefferson, James Madison, refused to deliver the minutes of appointment as the new government was irritated by the maneuver of the federalists of trying to secure control of the judiciary with the appointment of members of their party just before ceasing in government. However, Marbury appealed to the Supreme Court to order Madison to deliver his record.
If the Court ruled in favor of Marbury, Madison could still refuse to deliver the record and the Supreme Court would have no way to enforce the order. If the Court ruled against Marbury, it risked submitting the judiciary to Jefferson's supporters by allowing them to deny Marbury the position he could legally claim. Chief Justice John Marshall resolved this dilemma by deciding that the Supreme Court was not empowered to settle this case. Marshall ruled that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act, which granted the Court these powers, was unconstitutional because it extended the original jurisdiction of the Court to the jurisdiction defined by the Constitution itself. Having decided not to intervene in this particular case, the Supreme Court secured its position as final arbiter of the law.
As a result of technological advancements, the United States was producing around 300,000 bales of cotton per year by 1840.
<h3>Production of cotton:</h3>
Cotton production is a significant economic factor in the United States, as the country exports the most cotton in the world. After China and India, the United States is ranked third in terms of production.
Cotton fibre is grown and produced almost entirely in the southern and western states, with Texas, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana dominating.
Upland cotton accounts for more than 99 percent of cotton grown in the United States, with American Pima accounting for the remainder.
<h3>Maximum production of cotton:</h3>
Cotton production in the United States is a $25 billion-per-year industry that employs over 200,000 people, compared to a growth of forty billion pounds per year from 77 million acres of land spread across more than eighty countries.
Therefore, the correct option is the second one.
Learn more about the production of cotton by the year 1840 here:
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