Answer:
Two different ways in which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of new viruses are:
- Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme in both nucleoside analogues and non-nucleoside analogues.
- Enzymatic inhibition of integrase enzymes.
Explanation:
Antiretroviral drugs are those used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, making the effect of the virus on the host cell is less and preventing the development of AIDS.
This type of drug has been classified, according to their mechanism of action, being grouped into several families of drugs. Two different ways by which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of virus are:
- <em><u>Inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme</u></em><em>: this enzyme is a DNA polymerase capable of forming single strand viral RNA by a process that is reverse to normal DNA to RNA transcription. Its inhibition prevents the formation of viral particles in the host cell. They are divided into nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analogs.</em>
- <em><u>Enzymatic Inhibition of Integrase enzymes</u></em><em>: this type of enzyme is contained in the virus, and is capable of causing a retrotranscribed DNA to integrate into the host cell's DNA so that viral replication occurs. Its inhibition prevents the replication process.</em>
The most effective treatments against HIV infection involve the use of two or more types of antiretroviral drugs.
That would be an HMO insurance plan (Health Maintenance Organization)
Pain signals move from peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord and many gates are present in between which regulate these signals. The slow pain signals then move from the spinal cord to the <span>hypothalamus and limbic system. The former releases hormones which are stress-related, the latter is associated with the emotions and feelings related to the same. These signals are slow because they pass through the brain parts which are responsible for the emotions also, which is limbic system and prefrontal cortex. This lag time enables the person to feel the severity of pain and protect from it. For example, the soldier feels less pain because he is attached to the war scenario in a different manner, as compared to the civilian, and therefore, pain signals follow a different pathway, leading to a feeling of comparatively lesser pain and other activities are less affected.</span>
<span>The correct answer is C-analgesics. They are the pain-killers and produce an effect of analgesia. They have nothing to do with the micro-organsim caused infection, as neither do they stop microbial growth, nor the analgesics kill them. Rest 3 tools act upon the microbes, and have reduced the number of infection-related mortalities. </span>
