Answer:
1. The chi-square statistic is 0. The p-value is 1. Not significant at p < .05.
The chi-square statistic with Yates correction is 0.0642. The p-value is .800028. Not significant at p < .05.
Explanation:
2. By generating large sets of data the ratio will remain same (F1 = 3:1, F2 = 9:3:3:1) according to the Chi-Square analysis. In actual reality, it fails to justify by giving a probability value of 1 that is impossible due to the exceptions of Co-Dominance and Incomplete Dominance...
When looking at phylogenetic trees such as this you should always remember that the species that have a very close common ancestor are closely related and the further away their common ancestor is, the less related they are.
So, as you can see in the picture shown in green, modern camels are very closely related to Eschiatus and distantly related to Stemylus, so the first statement is not true, but the second statement is (shown in red)
As you can see shown in light blue, the modern camel is very closely related to Camelops and the Aepycamelus is a distant relative, so the third statement is true.
Procamelus and Stenomylotus are more likely to share similar features ( statement 5, shown in brown) than Pliauchenia and Oxidatus ( statement 4, shown in purple) because their last common ancestor is closer.
Hello!
1) Echinoderms
2. A.) Jawless fish have cartilaginous endoskeleton while Bony fish have a bony endoskeleton.
2. B.) Jawless fishes gills are exposed to the outside while the bony fish gills covered by operculum
I hope it helps!
1/10 because there is a less probability of u finding out the combination without the code.