Modernism most likely emerged because of d. all of the options above including:
the faster lifestyle that came with the Second Industrial Revolution
the first World War affecting class structures and,
the changing times
Modernism refers to a period that started in the late 19th century and continued on into the early 20th century where art and philosophy attempted to catch up to the changing times.
The causes for this were:
the second industrial revolution increasing urbanization levels such that life became faster
the first World War leading to the lower classes demanding better and traditional class structures crumbling and,
the improvements in science, philosophy and human studies
We can therefore say in conclusion that all the above explain why modernism emerged.
