Answer:
C. When the chest volume expands, air can now rush in through the puncture without filling the alveoli.
Explanation:
During inhalation, the contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostals increase the volume of the chest cavity. As the chest cavity expands, the alveolar pressure become lower than the atmospheric pressure resulting in the flow of air into the lungs in response to the pressure gradient.
The chest cavity is an airtight chamber. This ensures that any changes in the volume of are chest cavity corresponds to the volume of the lungs. If a lung is punctured, the air would not fill the punctured lung but would escape through the hole. Therefore, the punctured lung would not be filled with air during inhalation.
Answer:
There will be adverse consequences of loss in biodiversity in an area like the population of humans that live there could be dependent on the biodiversity for their income and livelihood, therefore, the biodiversity loss can reduce the economic growth of the human population.
Biodiversity of a region plays important role in protecting the region from natural calamities like flood and storm so if the natural calamities like flood comes in the area then a greater loss can be seen in absence of biodiversity.
Biodiversity loss produce unpredictable climate, reduce food resource for other species and increase the probability of spreading disease. Therefore biodiversity loss in an area will have negative consequences on the area climate and the species that live in that area.
ATP is the energy currency produced in mitochondria which helps the cell organelles when there is no energy in them.
i dont know about NADH
Answer:
- Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm.
- Cortisol- receptor complex forms in the cytoplasm.
- Cortisol- receptor complex enters the nucleus where it binds to genes.
- Cortisol- receptor complex acts as a transcription factor.
- The transcripted mRNA is translated into a specific protein.
Explanation:
<em>Cortisol is a small, hydrophobic steroid hormone that can pass through the plasma membrane cells. In target cells, cortisol binds to the intracelullar receptor protein in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone- receptor complex. The hormone- receptor complex then moves into the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor, binding to specific genes and activating their transcription into mRNA.</em>
<em>The mRNA that is produced is eventually translated into specific proteins.</em>
<em>Proteins are produced in response to the cortisol signal function in the stress response. For example, some of these proteins aid in elevating glucose levels in the blood, helping an animal to meet the demands of starvation or intense physical activity.</em>
Cyanobacteria or simply known as blue-green algae may have formed the oxygen into the early atmosphere. This is because these micro-organism has the capability to photosynthesize wherein they can produce oxygen and carbohydrates. In fact, all the plants contribute in the fomation of oxygen.