Answer:
The beginning lines contribute to Beowulf's characterization as a hero because he vows justice and revenge. Beowulf wants Grendel to pay therefore, he appears ready to confront him. In addition, the lines highlight that Beowulf is capable of handling the monster. According to the text, The Weders avenged (woes had they suffered) supports his readiness to face Grendel.
Explanation:
The phrase that refers to everything that you've mentioned is Literary Criticism. It is basically the "science" of examining a work of art.
Answer:
In describing Lincoln, Obama reinforces the feeling of reunification, unity and depolarization of American society.
Explanation:
Lincoln was a president who acted at a time of extensive national polarization. Obama also took over as president at a time of polarization and political and racial disagreements. In this case, when Obama quotes and describes Lincoln, he reinforces his commitment to uniting the country again, using the Lincoln government and his political strategy as a mirror for the political strategy that he himself wants to implement.