1. Pope Urban calls for the First Crusade. At the council of
Clermont, Pope Urban decided to call for the first crusade in 1095. Urban’s
call came from the desire to stop the Turks from westward expansion. This
decision came as a result of the Byzantine Emperor’s plea to send military
assistance due to the larger and larger threat of Turkish expansion.
2. Major rulers refuse to support the war. Due to their
issues with the Pope, both Philip I of France and Emperor Henry IV refused to
support the Pope’s desires in the crusade to come. What is odd about this is
that although they won’t participate, noblemen from their own countries will.
They would also be joined by many soldiers from areas of Italy and Germany as
well.
3. Crusaders take Jerusalem. After a siege of the city, the
soldiers of various nations managed to enter Jerusalem where the Turks were
eliminated indiscriminately. People of other religions such as Jews and Eastern
Christians also suffered losses due to the nature of the Crusaders’ attacks.
With this victory, the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established which makes the area
belong to Christians once again.
4. The second crusade called by Pope Eugene III. After the
fall of Edessa, Pope Eugene called for the second crusade to end the Seljuk aggression
and expansion. The crusade ended badly for the Crusaders as an Islamic victory
managed to keep them out of the territory and prevent them from establishing an
independent Edessa once again.
5. Henry and Philip join forces to start a new crusade.
Following the failure of the second, Henry of England and Philip of France
joined forces in order to start a new crusade with the goal being recapturing
Jerusalem from Saladin. Although they had many victories, the ultimate goal of
conquering Jerusalem ultimately failed, causing the Treaty of Jaffa and the
cease of hostilities.
6. Crusaders join forces once again for the same cause.
Following the failure to recapture Jerusalem, the fourth crusade began led by
forces from the Holy Roman Empire and the republic of Venice. Since they were
supported by the current Pope, they also managed to get the support of the
Christian world which more than 20 000 soldiers.
7. Crusaders turn on Byzantine. Although the goal of the fourth
crusade was capturing the city of Jerusalem, in the middle of the Crusade the
crusaders decided to switch their goal and attack the Byzantine Empire. What
nobody expected became true and they managed to sack the city of
Constantinople, which was a huge victory for Venetians who had bad relations
with Byzantine for years before this clash.
8. The Crusader spirit starts to dwindle. Due to numerous
losses during the previous crusades, the support for a holy war started
diminishing rapidly. This led to a series of future crusades that were not
successful at all and which had almost no support. This included the fifth,
sixth, seventh, and eight crusades, all of which were nowhere near the size of
the first four.
9. Ninth crusade ends it all. In what became known as the
final crusade, the Christian world lost yet again after an initial series of
victories. However, the crusaders were eventually forced to withdraw and leave
the area just as it was before the war began. Considering nobody wanted to join
the crusades anymore, this event goes down in history as the final large
crusade.
10. Small incursions run rampant. Throughout the history of
the crusades, numerous smaller crusades occurred which weren’t even named
according to the ordinal numbers. These were mostly smaller skirmishes that did
not influence the tides of war much. They usually occurred during the same time
as the ordinal crusades, but were at different places and led by different
people.
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