Answer:
(A) - The volume of the blood plasma increases on overhydration and decreaes on dehydration.
(B) - Osmolality of blood increases with the dehydration and decreases with the overhydration.
Explanation:
If the levels of drinking water is increased, then the plasma becomes more dilute and the plasma volume increases because <u>the water will be reabsorbed more and which as a result reduces plasma concentration of the solutes and increases volume of plasma.</u>
Plasma osmolality measures electrolyte-water balance of the body. <u>As mentioned, above on overhydration, the plasma concentration of the solutes decraeses which also decreases osmolality. So, Osmolality of blood increases with the dehydration and decreases with the overhydration. </u>Increased osmolality in blood stimulate the secretion of antidiuretic hormone which results in the increased water reabsorption and therefore, more concentrated urine and hence blood plasma with less concentration.
Answer: nothing
Explanation:
It is the patients decision or if they are under 18, the parents decision. The health care provider can give suggestions if the patient will allow them but otherwise it is their job to listen to what the patient wants.
Answer:
B. eating increases the amount of oxygen available during exercise
Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
