Question

Somatic is to autonomic as ______ is to ______.

Answer 1

Right option is B “voluntary; involuntary”

Further details

Nervous system

It is a complex network of specialized cells and nerves that are known as nerves and transmit signals to the different parts of the body.

Structurally, it has two components.  

1. The peripheral nervous system.
2. The central nervous system.

Peripheral nervous system

In bilateral animals, it is one of two segments that make up the sensory system, with the other part being the Central nervous system. The PNS comprises of the nerves and ganglia outside the mind and spinal cord. The primary capacity of the PNS is to associate the CNS to the appendages and organs, basically filling in as a transfer between the cerebrum and spinal cord and the remainder of the body. Unlike the CNS, the PNS isn't secured by the vertebral section and skull, or by the blood-mind obstruction, which leaves it presented to poisons and mechanical wounds.  

Somatic nervous system

It is associated with skeletal muscles and controls voluntary movements. It comprises of sensory nerves or afferent nerves, and motor nerves or efferent nerves. Sensory nerves are responsible for the sensation of the body to the central nervous system while motor nerves are responsible to convey direction to the body from the CNS.

Autonomic nervous system

It is a division of PNS and supplies smooth muscle and organs, and along these lines impacts the capacity of inside organs. The autonomic sensory system is a control framework that demonstrations to a great extent unconsciously and directs in essence capacities, for example, the pulse rate, absorption, respiratory rate, and pupillary reaction.

Answer details

Subject: Biology

Level: High school

Keywords

• Nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Somatic nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system

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Answer 2

Somatic is to autonomic as voluntary is to involuntary.
The autonomic nervous system or visceral nervous system (also called vegetative nervous system) is the part of the nervous system responsible for functions not subject to voluntary control (like heart rate, breath...).

The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movements and position of the body and allows to perceive through the skin various sensations (touch, heat, pain) and discover through the other sense organs the surrounding environment (like vision, hearing, olfaction...).

Both of the nervous systems consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons.

About rest and excitation, they are controlled by the two parts of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic an parasympathetic).