The Big Five extinction events
Ordovician-Silurian extinction.
Late Devonian extinction.
Permian-Triassic extinction.
Triassic-Jurassic extinction.
Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
The Pleistocene or Ice Age extinction.
Recent extinctions.
Human impacts.
It is because it is the farthest away from the equator. The farther away from the equator the cooler it gets, but the closer to the equator the hotter it gets.
They constructed the Aswan Dam to eliminate seasonal flooding.
I think it is A, hope this helped.