Answer:
Today, psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes." Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India.
Psychology was a branch of the domain of philosophy until the 1860s, when it developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany.
Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854, in Leipzig Germany, when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them. Fechner's theory, recognized today as Signal Detection Theory foreshadowed the development of statistical theories of comparative judgment and thousands of experiments based on his ideas (Link, S. W. Psychological Science, 1995). Later, 1879,Wilhelm Wundt founded in Leipzig, Germany, the first Psychological laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Germany. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist (a notable precursor of Wundt was Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783 and gave lectures on empirical psychology at the Old University of Münster, Germany. Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American father of pragmatism), and Ivan Pavlov (who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning).
Explanation:
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The Fifteenth reconstruction amendment (1869) was intended to protect freedmen against the injustices depicted in this cartoon.
In 1869, Congress passed a constitutional amendment guaranteeing black suffrage.
The Civil War Amendments, often known as the Reconstruction Amendments, are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which were ratified between 1865 and 1870.
The Thirteenth Amendment (1864) outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude.
The Fourteenth Amendment (1866) emphasizes citizenship rights and equal legal protection for all people.
The Fifteenth Amendment (1869) forbids discrimination in citizens' voting rights based on "race, color, or prior condition of servitude."
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Answer: Nitrogen; fixation
Explanation:
Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. It is found in amino acids that make up proteins, in nucleic acids, that comprise the hereditary material and life's blueprint for all cells, and in many other organic and inorganic compounds.
Fixation consists of two steps: cessation of normal life functions in the tissue (killing) and stabilization of the structure of the tissue (preservation). The goal of fixation is to preserve structure as faithfully as possible compared to the living state.
