Babylon<span> greatly expanded from the small provincial town that it had originally been during the Akkadian Empire (2335-2154 </span>BC<span>) during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century </span>BC<span>, becoming a major capital city.</span>
Improved technology allows to create more goods and to increase the efficiency of providing services (answer d.) and this is they way that it increases standards of living. If there are more goods and services then more people have an access to them.
The answer would be Pollution. Pollution is an example of a negative externality, which refer to various factors that resulted from company's productivity. One of the common example of this is the air pollution , which will bring harm to the environment