The <em>effective nuclear charge</em> is the difference between the atomic number an element and the shielding constant. Hence, the atom which experiences the greatest nuclear charge is Sulphur, S.
<u>Calculating the greatest effective nuclear charge</u>, :
- Z = Atomic number ; S = shielding constant
<u>For Magnesium, Mg</u>:
Z = 12
S = 10
<u>For Aluminium, Al</u>:
Z = 13
S = 10
For Sulphur, , S:
Z = 16
S = 10
Therefore, the atom whuch experience the greatest
is Sulphur.
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The surface area of the smaller solid is found to be 214 square meters.
<h3>What is Surface area?</h3>
The surface area is given as the sum of the area of all the faces of a three-dimensional object.
The same shape has equivalent ratio of the surface area to volume. It is given as:
![\rm \dfrac{\sqrt{area_1}}{\sqrt{area_2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{Volume_1} }{\sqrt[3]{Volume_2} }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Crm%20%5Cdfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7Barea_1%7D%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7Barea_2%7D%7D%3D%5Cdfrac%7B%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7BVolume_1%7D%20%7D%7B%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7BVolume_2%7D%20%7D)
On considering the power of 6 at both the sides of the equation:

Considering area 1 and volume 1 for the larger solid, and area 2 and volume 2 for the smaller solid, substituting the values give:

By solving the above equation, the area of the smaller solid is found as 214 square meters. Thus, option B is correct.
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