In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms.
In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang Dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in Japan.
C. killing all other heirs to his throne
He originally had co-ruled with his brother Carloman after their father's death. Then Carloman died under unexplaine circumstances and left Charlemagne as the sole ruler.
#1-Jerusalem
#2-Egypt (Running away from pharaoh.)
-Steel jelly