Scientists use fossils to study earth history by identifying the fossil and what era it came from. By knowing what era the fossil came from and what location it was found, scientists can make assumptions about the earth formation at that time.
You could say variation in offspring (so cloning things they basically just multiple the exact same thing but with reproduction, whatever is made differs a little bit or a lot from its "parents"
Means they are related through a common distant ancestor. This shows that these structures (morphology) are homologous. They all have 7 neck (cervical) vertebrae, but giraffes cervical vertebrae are elongated compared to that of humans due to their adaptation as browsers .
I'm pretty sure they are called autosomes
