During the French-Indian war (1754-1763) Quebec's natural defense was that it was stationed on a 200-foot cliff overlooking the St. Lawrence River. In the Battle of Quebec, British army scaled the cliffs and defeated French forces. Quebec was also the oldest French settlement in North America.
I’m sorry I’m very tried but I can tell you if you look up “New right 1980’s achievements” your answer should be there (:
Answer:
Market: Means by which individuals interact to buy or to sell; mechanism that coordinates the independent intentions of buyers and sellers.
Before we can go on, it is important to understand what economic actors are interacting in these markets and their relationships to one another.
Four (broadly defined) economic actors are:
1. Households
2. Firms
3. Governments
4. "The Rest of the World"
Explanation:
This field of science is called Paleoclimatology. It uses residual elements left in nature and analyzes them in order to understand how paleoclimate worked. These residual elements are called proxies. Oxygen isotope ratios and pollen analysis are two of the many proxies paleoclimatologists use.
- Oxygen isotope ratios: the specific oxygen proxy is Oxigen - 18. Since there are shelled organisms (forams and diatoms) that are found in most water environments and which are able to record evidence of pas environmental conditions in their shells, they are very useful to discover how ancient climate was. This evidence is the presence of stable isotopes in these shells. Water molecules evaporate more off the lighter isotopes (Oxigen - 16) which means that if the water temperature was warmer than usual, the shell will be richer in heavy isotopes (Oxigen - 18). Therefore a shell which has more heavy isotopes indicates a warmer climate.
- Pollen Analysis: when paleoclimatologists want to use pollen they take an ice core sample off a glacier or an ice sheet. Each layer of the ice core will correspond to a specific period of time in the history of Earth. Pollen is found in all layers of an ice core and depending on its quantity allows an understanding of which plants existed in that particular period of time and how many of them there were. It also allows paleoclimatologists how rainy and warm the time period was.
