They called it Nicotiana Rustica
Only five years after Charles Duryea and his brother Frank built the world's first commercially manufactured automobiles, Charles set up production in Reading, PA. This early Duryea has many advanced features, including a three-cylinder water-cooled engine and a centrally mounted tiller control. It performs three functions - steering, by moving the tiller left and right; speed, by rotating the handle grip at the top, and gear selection, by raising or lowering the same handle. Other 'modern' features of its day were the pneumatic tires (Duryea was the first to use these on cars) and the inclined king pin, which he patented in 1900. The principle of the inclined king pin (the axle on which the front wheel is steered) is still used in modern car steering systems. Duryea's development of putting it on an angle allowed the wheels to track straight ahead, rather than being deflected left or right by every irregularity in the road.
Duryea's production methods introduced a new idea. His vehicles were built in Reading from parts that were manufactured by others located elsewhere, a method that we now refer to as 'out-souring.' Ford took the idea, added the moving assembly line, and in so doing, changed the world.
This 1901 Duryea motor car was once owned by Bill Pollock. Mr. Pollock donated the car to the Boyertown Museum of Historic Vehicles.
To avoid or terminate a recession or depression, an expansionary fiscal strategy entails raising expenditure or decreasing taxes. To reduce unsustainable economic development, a contractionary fiscal strategy entails decreasing expenditure or boosting taxes.
<em>The basic principle of democracy is majority rule</em>, but the Framers of the United States Constitution knew the majority rule could lead to tyranny because if that majority had the same ideals and interests the abuse of power would lead to tyranny and the oppression of the minority rights.
To limit the majority rule, the Founding Fathers established <em>the division of powers in the government, with a system of checks and balances </em>to ensure that no branch could abuse their power and prevent a majority rule from becoming a tyranny.
The framers created three separate branches that depend on each other. The legislative branch is divided by two cameras, the Senate and the House of Representatives and is in charge of creating laws. The judicial branch studies that law and decides if it is Constitutional and the Executive branch can veto the law. <em>This checks and balances system was created to ensure that no branch could abuse their power and prevent a majority rule from becoming a tyranny</em>.
Another protection the Framers added to limit majority rule dangers in the Constitution was the Bill of Rights written by James Madison. <em>The first 10 Articles of the United States Constitution protect the minority rights and liberties</em> so the actions and laws of the government (majority rule) have to respect those rights and liberties and act according the interests of the entire nation.
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The antiwar movement grew from earlier groups such as Quaker and Unitarian peace activists, SANE, the Old Left, and socialists. Students also learned from their experience in the civil rights movement
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