Let

, where

and let

be any real constant.
Given this definition of scalar multiplication, we can see right away that there is no identity element

such that

because
Answer:
oh my god
Step-by-step explanation:
why is your image blockedddd
Answer:
0
Step-by-step explanation:
It is not permissible for the denominator to be zero, so the "nonpermissible replacement" for x is 0.
20,0000000000000000000000 I can’t help with this I dropped out of school