Answer:
The way characters are described
The situations in which the characters interact
Dialogue between characters
Conflicts within and between characters
Explanation:
Characters are first developed by how they are described. They are not going to throw a character with no description into a book. They will say, a skinny, lanky kid named George was frighted by the dark. This character is fearful of the dark and he may not be that strong for a skinny, lanky kid. Situations where they interact are important because of how they react and respond to another person. For example, Samantha liked Steven so she acted shyly, but confident around him. When she interacts with Steven, it shows that she is not scared or choked up, but confident and shy with him. Dialogue is important because of what they say and how they say it. For example, I asked Duke a question and he snarled at me, "figure it out yourself." This shows that Duke is not the best to talk to at the moment, so he must be easily agitated. Conflicts are important because it shows how they were before, during, and how they became after. It shows the before and after of their character, for example, George was afraid of the dark, but then as he got a flashlight, he was able to use it if he thought something was there. After using it numerous times, he realized nothing was there and he did not need it anymore. You him when he was scared, helped with, and then not scared.
The main way dramatic tension is built is the clues that Boo gives, making him interesting, but it can also be frightening.
Also, the incidents that pop up in the story also builds up dramatic tension.
The specific aspect of literary criticism that demonstrates the author's message as significant or worthwhile is the author-based approach. It is also called the Expressive Theory. It depicts that the best interpretation of a text (poem, novel, fictional stories, etc) comes from the author himself.
The reader-based approach is not entirely reliable because every reader may see a text in a different perspective. There are even cases wherein readers interpret a text in a deep, deep way while the author meant everything in the literal sense. Everything varies from case to case.
