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Gorbachev's decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Serving in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922, Stalin assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's 1924 death. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's dogma.
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a member of a Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula and neighboring territories, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa
Gemany was put down and were drained of money due to the unconditional treaty after world war one hitler said he would rise germany up to the glory it lost people poor and in despair with no one to turn to followed praised, and clung to what they looked at it was their saver from their dark times
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In 1862, Congress passed the Pacific Railway Act, which authorized the construction of a transcontinental railroad. Four of the five transcontinental railroads were built with assistance from the federal government through land grants.
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Philip II’s accomplishments originated him as a very well known king. Philip II was a hard-working ruler who was ushered in the Golden Age of Spain, being the most powerful nation. He was the most powerful monarch, he also helped the Catholic Church persecute Protestants during the Counter-Reformation. His father, Charles V, ceded the duchy of Milan (1540), the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily (1554), the Netherlands (1555), and Spain and its overseas empire (1556) to Philip II. In 1556, Phillip II made his first major decision as a monarch for his country. There was a Protestant uprising in the Netherlands, in 1567, he sent the Spanish army to put them down. Philip made use of the Spanish Inquisition to control his people. The Spanish Armada of 1588 was an attempt by Phillip of Spain to conquer England. Phillip, who had been married to Queen Mary, was angry that her sister, Queen Elizabeth had refused his proposal of marriage, he was also infuriated that England had returned to Protestantism. Phillip planned an invasion of England; he would send his Spanish Armada of 131 ships and 17,000 men to France. Here his armada would collect a further 16,000 Spanish soldiers who had been fighting in Holland. The fleet was then to cross the English and defeat the armies of Queen Elizabeth's England.
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