- Bacteria are encased in a cell wall, if they didn't have on they would absorb water, swell and burst
- Penicillin's and cephalosporin's weaken cell wall and cause lysis, since mammalian cells have no cell wall these drugs do not affect them
Artifact is a really old object.
The answer is c (I think)
Answer:
Allele frequency for brown fur color ![0.43](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.43)
Allele frequency for orange fur color ![0.570](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.570)
Explanation:
Given
"O" denotes dominant brown allele
and "o" denotes recessive orange allelehe
The trait "coat color" is linked with X gene
Brown homozygous females: 30
Brown heterozygous females: 75
Orange females: 10
Brown males: 50
Orange males: 65
Allele frequency for orange color
![\frac{10+65}{30+75+10+50+65} \\= \frac{75}{230} \\= 0.3260\\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B10%2B65%7D%7B30%2B75%2B10%2B50%2B65%7D%20%5C%5C%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B75%7D%7B230%7D%20%5C%5C%3D%200.3260%5C%5C)
Thus ![q = \sqrt{0.3260} \\q = 0.570\\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=q%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%7B0.3260%7D%20%5C%5Cq%20%3D%200.570%5C%5C)
Allele frequency for orange fur color ![0.570](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.570)
Allele frequency for brown color
![p = 1-q\\= 1- 0.570\\= 0.43](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=p%20%3D%201-q%5C%5C%3D%201-%200.570%5C%5C%3D%200.43)
Allele frequency for brown fur color ![0.43](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.43)
A Punnett square is a chart that permits you to decide the expected rates of various genotypes in the offspring of two parents .
A Punnett square allows the prediction of the rates of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross from known genotypes.
A Punnett square can be utilized to determine a missing genotype dependent on different genotypes associated with a cross.