It is Columbus not columbis and he sailed on August 3rd 1492.
I'm guessing the one on the bottom because the four on the top are effects to me. This must be about King James taking power away from the church because the church did not allow him to divorce a wife of his.
The main thing that Hitler did in defiance of the Versailles Treaty that upset the world was to bring back the German military, which was explicitly against the rules of the military. His reasoning for this action was to preserve the national defense of Germany, although this soon led to the invasion of Poland, which led to war.