b. the interest of European nations in creating colonies in North and South America
Explanation:
- Monroe's doctrine was America's policy of opposing European colonialism in America beginning in 1823.
- In 1823, US President James Monroe rebelled against the intervention of European countries on the American continent.
- The doctrine said that further efforts by European states to seize control of any independent state in North or South America would be seen as "a manifestation of a hostile attitude toward the United States."
- At that moment, directed against the interventionist intentions of the Holy Alliance of European Powers towards the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in South America, that policy later became "America to Americans" and gained a strong national character.
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One purpose of the process of judicial review is to.....preserve the intentions of the framers of the constitution
D.) taking a diplomatic or legislative action to force the European powers to negotiate with the United States
Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan came into office with little experience in foreign relations but with a determination to base their policy on moral principles rather than the selfish materialism that they believed had animated their predecessors' programs. Convinced that democracy was gaining strength throughout the world, they were eager to encourage the process. In 1916, the Democratic-controlled Congress promised the residents of the Philippine Islands independence; the next year, Puerto Rico achieved territorial status, and its residents became U.S. citizens. Working closely with Secretary of State Bryan, Wilson signed twenty-two bilateral treaties which agreed to cooling-off periods and outside fact-finding commissions as alternatives to war.
In a statement issued soon after taking office, Wilson declared that the United States hoped “to cultivate the friendship and deserve the confidence” of the Latin American states, but he also emphasized that he believed “just government” must rest “upon the consent of the governed.” Latin American states were hopeful for the prospect of being free to conduct their own affairs without American interference, but Wilson's insistence that their governments be democratic undermined the promise of self-determination. In 1915, Wilson responded to chronic revolution in Haiti by sending in American marines to restore order, and he did the same in the Dominican Republic in 1916. The military occupations that followed failed to create the democratic states that were their stated objective. In 1916, Wilson practiced an old-fashioned form of imperialism by buying the Virgin Islands from their colonial master, Denmark, for $25 million.
