Thomas Paine, a recent English emigrant to America, provided the Patriot cause with a stimulating pamphlet titled Common Sense. Until his fifty-page pamphlet appeared, colonial grievances had been mainly directed at the British Parliament; few colonists considered independence an option. Paine, however, directly attacked allegiance to the monarchy, which had remained the last frayed connection to Britain. The “common sense” of the matter, he stressed, was that King George III bore the responsibility for the rebellion. Americans, Paine urged, should consult their own interests, abandon George III, and assert their independence. Only by declaring independence, Paine predicted, could the colonists enlist the support of France and Spain and thereby engender a holy war of monarchy against the monarchy.
The United States Constitution gave Congress the power to lay and collect taxes.
One argument was that <span>it was critical for the south's agricultural economy.
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The Civil Disobedience Movement played a significant role and spread the message of full and complete independence of India. People all over took part in it ---- including women and students. Gandhi along with Vallabhbhai Patel were arrested. Moreover the government ----
- Took forcible possession of the Congress office.
- Lathi charges were common to disperse the crowds.
- Whipping became a common punishment.
- Freedom of press was curtailed.
- Nationalist literature ---- poems, stories and novels were banned in a large scale.
Yet, the movement continued to linger on. Gandhi was still in jail when the 'Communal Award' was announced in August 1932, by British PM Ramsay MacDonald. The award declared the depressed classes also to be minorities and thus separated them from the rest of Hindus. Gandhi took 'fast unto death' in its protest. Feelings of frustration set in people and political enthusiasm became less and less. Gandhi still succeeded in amending the Communal Award in accordance with the Poona Pact (1932) by which the depressed classes were to have joint electorates with other Hindus.
Eventually, the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended in May 1933 and completely withdrawn in May 1934.
Hope it help you
