There is presense air sac in stem of free floating plant why?

How does the structure of dna encode genetic information?.

Viefleur [7K]

Answer:

genetic information is encoded as the sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecule

8 0

2 years ago

4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)

docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).

The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental) gro+gro ro+ro x grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+ gro ro

gro+ro gro ro

gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro ro

Punnet square)

gro+ro+ gro+ro gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

Note: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. If individuals, whos genes assort independently, are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1. If we observe a different distribution, that is that phenotypes appear in different proportions, we can assume that genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent.

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are gro+ro+ and gro ro, while the parental gametes are gro+ro and gro ro+.

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the F1 is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The genetic distance between genes, is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

Genetic Linkage Map:

Parental Phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro---- -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro---- ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+---- -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro---- -----gro------ro----

If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.

7 0

3 years ago

PLEASE HELP DUE BY 8:30 tomorrow

Y_Kistochka [10]

Answer:

increasing

Explanation:

the sun is not bad for plants. In fact, it makes them grow. Its like without no food.

7 0

3 years ago

What is conservation genetics?Question 82 options: conserving a species genome so that it is best adapted to the current environ

solong [7]

Answer:

a way to inform conservation efforts based on genetic information from species

Explanation:

Genetic studies in wildlife and captivity species provide significant information to understand aspects regarding the biology and ecology of species, especially endangered species. Many discoveries have been useful to solve several taxonomic issues, determine the risk of diseases, and explain reproductive problems, among other problems. What is even more important is that genetic knowledge helps to plan management programs and conservation. Together with other areas related to behavior and conservation, genetic knowledge provides the basis to carry out successful conservation strategies.

5 0

2 years ago

if we use a cscl gradient to test the density of various nucleic acids, both rna and dna-rna hybrids are more density than just

Wewaii [24]

RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids are more dense than simply DNA if the density of different nucleic acids is tested using a CsCl gradient.

The primary technique employed in molecular biology is the extraction of DNA, RNA, and protein. Scientists can separate materials according to size, shape, and density by using density gradient centrifugation. Isopycnic centrifugation, a sort of density gradient centrifugation that Meselson and Stahl developed, employed a cesium chloride solution to separate DNA molecules solely on the basis of density. Because DNA has hydrogen bonds between its strands, which makes it less dense than RNA, RNA has a far larger density than DNA. RNA can be obtained at the test tube's bottom using a CsCl density gradient and high centrifugation, whereas DNA can be recovered in the middle layer.

To learn more about nucleic acids click here brainly.com/question/11309892

#SPJ4

6 0

9 months ago

There is presense air sac in stem of free floating plant why?​

There is presense air sac in stem of free floating plant why?