Sexual reproduction occurs in the flower of flowering plants. Male gametes are produced in anthers of the flower and are found in pollen. Female gametes are produced in the flower’s ovary and are found in ovules.
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The inner layer, the dermis, consists of a superficial papillary region of loose, areolar connective tissue, connective tissue and a thicker and deeper reticular region of dense irregular connective tissue connective tissue.
<h3>The layers of the skin</h3>
The skin is the largest peripheral organ that covers the outer layers of the body. It is made up of two layers namely:
- Epidermis: The epidermis is the outer layer and it is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
- Dermis: The dermis is the inner layer of skin. it is made up of superficial and deep layers.
The superficial layer is made up of papillary region of loose areolar connective tissue which helps to attach epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues.
While the deep layer is made up of dense irregular connective tissue which provides strength, making the skin resistant to tearing by stretching forces from different directions.
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A facultative parasite refers to a species, which may resort to parasitic activity, but is not completely dependent on any host for finishing its life cycle. Therefore, the growth of Armillaria fungi inside a tree's roots, making the tree to rot, but will survive even if the tree dies, is an example of facultative parasitism.
An obligate parasite refers to a parasitic species, which cannot finish its life-cycle in the absence of a suitable host. Therefore, rickettsia bacteria's tendency to surviving only in a eukaryotic cell is an example of obligate parasitism.
A long-term symbiosis or biological association in which members of one species attain benefits while those of the other species is neither harmed nor are benefited is known as commensalism. Hence, a pseudoscorpion, a kind of arthropod hiding under the wings of beetle for protection and transportation, however, it does not affect the beetle is an example of commensalism.
Predation refers to a biological association, where one species, the predator, kills and consumes another species, known as prey. A freshwater amoeba feeds on bacteria in the water is an example of predator and prey.
Ribulose Biphosphate recycling is important for the continued production of glucose.
